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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">dsait</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Цифровые решения и технологии искусственного интеллекта</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Digital Solutions and Artificial Intelligence Technologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">3033-7097</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26794/3030-7097-2026-2-1-52-62</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">dsait-50</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ, ЧИСЛЕНЫЕ МЕТОДЫ И КОМПЛЕКСЫ ПРОГРАММ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATHEMATICAL MODELING, NUMERICAL METHODS AND SOFTWARE PACKAGES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка структурной устойчивости транспортнологистических систем на основе графовых моделей и коэффициента просачиваемости</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Assessment of the Structural Stability of Transport and Logistics Systems Based on Graph Models and the Percolation Coefficient</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2914-0907</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яцкин</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yatskin</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Данил Владиленович Яцкин — ведущий эксперт, Институт статистических исследований и экономики знаний </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Danil V. Yatskin — Leading Expert at the Institute for Statistical Research and Economics of Knowledge</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">d.iatskin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3232-5331</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кочкаров</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kochkarov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Азрет Ахматович Кочкаров — доктор технических наук, заместитель директора по инновационной работе</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Azret A. Kochkarov — Dr. Sci (Tech.), Deputy Director for Innovation </p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">akochkar@fbras.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4385-4462</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Окунева</surname><given-names>Э. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Okuneva</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Эвелина Александровна Окунева — ассистент кафедры математики и анализа данных факультета информационных технологий и анализа больших данных</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evelina A. Okuneva — assistant of the Department of Mathematics and Data Analysis, Faculty of Information Technology and Big Data Analysis</p><p>Moscow</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eaokuneva@fa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИУ ВШЭ</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>HSE University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФИЦ «Фундаментальные основы биотехнологии» РАН</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FIC “Fundamental Foundations of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>2</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>52</fpage><lpage>62</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Яцкин Д.В., Кочкаров А.А., Окунева Э.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Яцкин Д.В., Кочкаров А.А., Окунева Э.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yatskin D.V., Kochkarov A.A., Okuneva E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.digitarin.ru/jour/article/view/50">https://www.digitarin.ru/jour/article/view/50</self-uri><abstract><p>Глобальные изменения в мировой экономике и торговле предъявляют новые требования к транспортно-логистическим системам (ТЛС). Повышение их устойчивости к сбоям и структурным изменениям становится критической задачей на фоне роста доли логистических издержек в ВВП России. Существующие методы оптимизации часто не учитывают устойчивость самой сетевой структуры к деструктивным воздействиям, что создает пробел в знаниях.</p><p>Цель работы — создать и апробировать методологический инструментарий для оценки и усиления структурной устойчивости ТЛС. В рамках предложенного подхода объединены: графо-теоретическое моделирование; методы многокритериальной оптимизации; новый показатель — коэффициент просачиваемости, отражающий способность сети обеспечивать доставку грузов во все пункты назначения.</p><sec><title>В ходе исследования</title><p>В ходе исследования: формализована многокритериальная оптимизационная задача, направленная на поиск оптимальных путей и потоков; разработана математическая модель ТЛС на базе матрицы начальных условий; введен коэффициент эффективности для сопоставления альтернативных вариантов решений. Проведена оценка устойчивости через коэффициент влияния структурных изменений на эффективность решений. Выполнен крупномасштабный вычислительный эксперимент, в рамках которого сгенерировано свыше 1 млн графовых структур.</p></sec><sec><title>Основные результаты</title><p>Основные результаты: выявлена тесная корреляция между пропускной способностью сети, коэффициентом просачиваемости и эффективностью принимаемых решений; определены барьерные значения коэффициента влияния, позволяющие классифицировать ТЛС как устойчивую или неустойчивую к конкретному типу структурного разрушения; сформулированы принципы построения устойчивых ТЛС, среди которых ключевым является наличие альтернативных путей с эффективностью, близкой к оптимальной. Полученные результаты формируют фундамент для разработки интеллектуальных транспортно-логистических систем, способных эффективно противостоять сбоям и колебаниям нагрузки. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Global changes in the global economy and trade place new demands on transport and logistics systems (TLS). Increasing their resilience to disruptions and structural changes is becoming a critical task amid the growing share of logistics costs in Russia’s GDP. Existing optimization methods often do not take into account the resilience of the network structure itself to destructive influences, which creates a gap in knowledge.</p><p>The purpose of the study is to develop and test methodological tools for assessing and improving the structural stability of the TL.</p><p>The approach integrates graph-theoretical modeling, multi-criteria optimization methods, and a new indicator, the percolation coefficient, which characterizes the network’s ability to deliver goods to all destinations. The multi-criteria optimization problem of finding paths and flows is formalized. Sustainability was assessed through the coefficient of influence of structural changes on the effectiveness of solutions. A large-scale computational experiment was conducted with the generation of more than 1 million graph structures. A mathematical model of the radar has been developed based on a matrix of initial conditions, and an efficiency coefficient has been proposed for comparing alternative options. A close correlation has been established between network bandwidth, percolation coefficient, and solution efficiency. The barrier values of the coefficient of influence have been determined, which make it possible to classify the system as stable or unstable to a specific type of structural failure. The principles of building sustainable radar stations are formulated, the key of which is the availability of alternative routes with efficiency close to optimal.</p><p>The results obtained lay the foundation for the creation of intelligent radar stations that are resistant to failures and load fluctuations.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>транспортно-логистическая система</kwd><kwd>структурная устойчивость</kwd><kwd>теория графов</kwd><kwd>многокритериальная оптимизация</kwd><kwd>коэффициент просачиваемости</kwd><kwd>сетевое моделирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>transport and logistics system</kwd><kwd>structural stability</kwd><kwd>graph theory</kwd><kwd>multicriteria optimization</kwd><kwd>percolation&#13;
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